Robert Levine’s new book, ” Free Ride: How Digital Parasites and Destroying the Culture Business and How the Culture Business Can Fight Back“, published October 25, 2011, explores the symbiotic relationship between media and technology. I am nearly through the entire book (I’m in the middle of the chapter on ‘collective licensing’ – something I will be explore here this week). It is an easy read, though very informative; and it is clear that Robert has done the research and talked to the right people. While decidedly written from the pre-determined conclusion that companies such as Google and Boxee are taking advantage of technological innovation and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) to push down the cost of ad-space, the book also is also reasonably fair in giving the “free-culture” perspective its fair shake, too.
Now, you’ll just have to go and buy the book to find out what Robert is really writing about – this is no book review, merely a spring-board for my own views on the subject. (But seriously, go read it – it’s a great way to spend $25 and be knowledgeable)
Briefly, what is want to talk about is this idea of “free culture”. I really don’t like that term – “free culture”. Or the oft-quoted Lessig-esque rallying-cry “Information wants to be free” (which, in truth, is only one sentence from a larger speech by Stewart Brand who was discussing the tension between the ever-decreasing costs of distributing information versus its perennially high value in society. I also don’t necessarily mind Lawrence Lessig, either – I particularly like his support for a collective licensing scheme). I don’t like such types of vague epithets because they aren’t descriptive of anything, really – they just make for good sound bites and can be used as political fodder in editorial pieces.
Yes, culture should be “free” – in the sense that everyone has the right to participate in, contribute to, and consume it (this is the distribution side of the tension Brand was alluding to). However, it is not financially “free” because it is holds an economic value (in that people are willing to pay for it through, say, ordering HBO or a subscription to Slackr radio) and because there is a cost involved in producing (read: contributing to) culture.
And, of course, “information wants to be free” – but not financially free. Rather freely distributed. Free to be easily shared between us. But, of course, it is not available for $0. Nothing in this life is.
Thus, the idea that “culture should be free” and similar types of meaningless generalizations are missing the point. The digitization of media has revealed how utterly raw and visceral this tension is: the Internet makes information incredibly “free” from a distribution standpoint (which is good); but it also erodes at the economic eco-system of that information (which is bad).
But don’t get me wrong – once in digital format, music, movies, and books should be able to be chopped-up, remixed, sold, re-sold, shared, given away, or otherwise used without the “owner” of said material having an ability to say much in the matter. That’s what technology and the Internet have changed – the right to have 100% control over when, how and by whom your material is consumed. But, (and this is an enormous ‘but’) the owner should be paid – perhaps not for every single use of her material, but enough such that whatever uses occur downstream will not jeopardize her right to be remunerated for her creativity. For her “contribution” to free culture.
Levine’s book does a great job at illustrating this tension using examples from the content industries. The way the book publishers are fighting Amazon’s attempts to replicate Apple’s move into music by pushing the price of e-books to the floor, but making money selling hardware. The way Boxee is trying to encourage people to cancel their cable subscriptions but keep watching those same shows using Internet TV that does not compensate the creators & producers of these shows.
The book is quite a revealing look at the different forces at play. So, in the interest of participating in and consuming this “free culture”, go read this book. I ordered in from Amazon. But thanks for stopping by here first.
Our next post: a series on collective licensing in the music industry…